Application of Bio-Derived Alternatives for the Assured Flow of Waxy Crude Oil: A Review

High molecular weight paraffin/wax precipitates in the solution of crude oil when surrounding temperature falls below wax appearance temperature, which causes problem deposition pipelines. To enhance rheology and lessen deposition, pour point depressants (PPDs) flow enhancers were utilized. These substances change crystals’ morphology, reducing crystal interlocking preventing agglomeration from facilitating dispersion. However, recent research prompted a further investigation to improve performance conventional polymeric PPD address accumulation safe environmentally responsible way. This is because their poor at high shearing, expensive preparations, limited biodegradability, toxicity. The primary objective this study provide thorough summary current studies on use seed extracts rich unsaturated fatty acids as an alternative for PPD. Important nanoparticles PPD, well strategies put into place overcome issues with nanoparticle application, are also highlighted. Finally, outlook potential ideas develop provided.